12/9/2023 0 Comments All done pecPhase II teaches the individual to generalize their communication across environments by traveling to communicate and teaches persistence in their communication attempts. Phase I of PECS® includes teaching the individual how to initiate communication. PECS® is reserved for the Picture Exchange Communication System only, which includes systematic teaching procedures, a phase-based instructional model, and a joint focus on communication and social skills. The term PECS® should not be used for any picture-based communication system that does not use the procedures and phases of PECS®. It is important to note that PECS® is a distinct and comprehensive communication system. The protocol to implement PECS® has been manualized and was updated in 2002 (Frost & Bondy, 2002). The PECS® phases focus on crucial component skills of effective communication, and include teaching the individual how to communicate, how to engage in communication from a distance and with persistence, how to develop picture discrimination skills, how to engage in appropriate sentence structure, how to use attributes and other mechanisms to expand language abilities, and how to engage in requesting and commenting (Bondy & Frost, n.d.). PECS® is also based on Skinner’s conceptualization of Verbal Behavior (Bondy & Frost, n.d.), and (as noted above) is aligned with Skinner’s view that the function of communication is the most important feature of it. In other words, what the person is communicating (e.g., a request, a comment) is more important than the modality (e.g., vocal communication, sign language, picture exchange) of their communication. For example, a child selects a picture of a cracker and hands it to the communication partner who then gives the child a cracker. Using individual pictures of items stored in a PECS® Communication Book or on an Activity Board, a child is taught to engage in functional communication by exchanging a picture or a sequence of pictures with their communication partner to receive the intended outcome. Additionally, the protocol utilizes distinct prompting and reinforcement techniques throughout the six phases of the protocol in combination with systematic error correction procedures. It embeds a systematic progression of independence and persistence strategies. PECS® is based on Applied Behavior Analysis (Bondy & Frost, n.d.), and is built on the Verbal Behavior classification system originally proposed by Skinner. Given the high percentage of non-vocal or minimally vocally communicative individuals with autism, the existence of an effective alternative approach is essential. The Picture Exchange Communication System (PECS®) is a type of alternative augmentative communication system that was originally developed in 1985 by Andy Bondy, Ph.D., and Lori Frost, MS, CCC-SLP for use with preschool students with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and has since been expanded across ages and disabilities (Battaglia & McDonald, 2015 Hughes-Lika & Chiesa, 2021). The procedure was originally used, and continues to be implemented, with learners who have a limited vocal repertoire for communication. Making Sense of Autism Treatments: Weighing the Evidence.Science in Autism Treatment Publication Team.Fostering Positive Portrayals of Science-based Autism Treatment in the Media.Questions to Ask Before Writing The Next Story.Transition Resources for Adolescents and Adults.Encouraging Parent Participation in Home-Based Intervention.Developmental Interventions – Other Research Models.Psychological, Educational, & Therapeutic Interventions.Review of The Complete Guide to Autism Treatments.Autism Treatment Reviews for Physicians.
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |
AuthorWrite something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview. ArchivesCategories |